The Hunga Tonga Volcano Erupts:
December 19th, 2021 & January 13th, 2022

The Hunga Tonga volcano in the South Pacific Ocean has had an eruption twice in a one month period. The first was on December 19th, 2021, and the second one on January 13th, 2022. The December plume rose with a heat surge to about 10 to 11 miles tall. The January plume rose with a heat surge to about 10 to 11 miles tall. from 445 mb to 188 mb in those 10 minutes (or from 4 to 7 miles tall. I am sharing with you some awesome imagery revealing the explosive eruptions.

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Imagery courtesy of Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS), University of Wisconsin:

December 19^th, 2021 – Imagery of the first (December 2021) Hunga Tonga Volcano eruption:

GOES-17 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 µm) images (below) indicated that the coldest cloud-top infrared brightness temperatures were in the -80 to -89C range (shades of violet). GOES-17 “Clean”
Infrared Window (10.35 µm) images

GOES-17 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 µm) images (below) indicated that the coldest cloud-top infrared brightness temperatures were in the -80 to -89C range (shades of violet).
GOES-17 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 µm) images

January 13^th, 2022 – Imagery of the second (January 2022) Hunga Tonga Volcano eruption:

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An animation of GOES-17 visible imagery, below, (courtesy Scott Bachmeier, CIMSS) shows the evolution of the pulsing eruption throughout the day on 13 January.
GOES-17 Visible (0.64 µm) imagery, 1700 UTC 13 January – 0010 UTC 14 January 2022 

GOES-17 imagery revealed another explosive eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha?apai in the south Pacific Ocean between 1500 and 1530 UTC on 13 January 2022; an eruption in December 2021 is discussed here. The brightness temperatures in this volcanic plume cooled from -9.4o to -66.7o between 1520 and 1530 UTC. This 1308 UTC NUCAPS profile from 20.5oS / 175.5o W (the profile location is shown here) suggests the plume rose from 445 mb to 188 mb in those 10 minutes (or from 20 thousand to 39 thousand feet).
GOES-17 Clean Window*(see below) (Band 13, 10.3 µm) Infrared Imagery, 1500-1940 UTC on 13 January 2022

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A volcano is a fact of life, it can erupt any time on a beautiful day without notice. They do have beauty, have a systematic purpose of keeping the Earth replenished. Even though this event was international, it could happen anywhere there is a volcano. If you are near one, have an escape and a safety plan. They are not going away, and we need to be prepared, and be safe.

RESOURCES:

HUNGA TONGA DOUBLE VOLCANO ERUPTION

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